1. Word and Phrase Techniques
- Alliteration – Repetition of consonant sounds at the start of words.
Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. - Assonance – Repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.
Example: The early bird catches the worm. - Onomatopoeia – Words that imitate sounds.
Example: Bang, crash, hiss. - Metaphor – Comparing two things without using “like” or “as.”
Example: Time is a thief. - Simile – Comparing two things using “like” or “as.”
Example: Her smile was as bright as the sun. - Personification – Giving human qualities to non-human things.
Example: The wind whispered through the trees. - Hyperbole – Exaggeration for effect.
Example: I’ve told you a million times. - Pun – A play on words, often humorous.
Example: I used to be a baker, but I couldn’t make enough dough.
2. Sentence and Structure Techniques
- Repetition – Repeating words or phrases to emphasize a point.
- Rhetorical question – A question asked for effect, not requiring an answer.
- Exclamation – Shows strong feeling or emphasis.
- Short sentences – Create tension, speed, or impact.
- Long sentences – Build description or create a flowing, detailed effect.
- Listing – Using multiple items in a list for emphasis.
- Parenthesis / Brackets / Dashes – Adds extra information or commentary.
3. Sound Techniques
- Rhyme – Repetition of similar sounds at the ends of words.
- Rhythm / Cadence – The beat or flow of a sentence.
- Refrain – A repeated line or phrase, often in poetry or speeches.
4. Imagery Techniques
- Visual imagery – Describes what can be seen.
- Auditory imagery – Describes what can be heard.
- Olfactory imagery – Describes smells.
- Tactile imagery – Describes touch or texture.
- Gustatory imagery – Describes taste.
5. Persuasive / Rhetorical Techniques
- Emotive language – Words that evoke strong feelings.
- Statistics / Facts – Used to persuade with evidence.
- Direct address – Speaking directly to the reader (you/your).
- Triplets / Rule of three – Using three words/phrases for emphasis.
- Contrast / Juxtaposition – Showing opposing ideas to highlight differences.
6. Literary Techniques
- Irony – Saying one thing but meaning the opposite.
- Sarcasm – Sharp, often mocking humor.
- Foreshadowing – Hinting at what will happen later.
- Symbolism – Using an object or idea to represent something else.
- Allegory – A story with a hidden meaning, often moral or political.
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